The process of IVF (in vitro fertilization) is often associated with certain complications. These complications can be related to ovarian stimulation procedures (superovulation), egg retrieval, and the onset of pregnancy. Let’s explore possible complications during and after IVF, and consider the health implications of this assisted reproductive technology for women.
Complications Related to Superovulation Induction
What Side Effects Can Occur with IVF Stimulation Cycles?
Special hormonal medications are used to achieve multiple follicular growth and to prepare the endometrium. Potential complications from their use include local and systemic allergic reactions.
To minimize the risks of complications and side effects, superovulation stimulation protocols are selected exclusively by the physician based on the patient’s indications and current condition.
It’s important to understand that superovulation induction can lead to:
- Weak Ovarian Response: This occurs when fewer than 5 follicles mature, reducing the likelihood of obtaining the necessary number of quality embryos, consequently lowering the chances of pregnancy.
- Excessive Ovarian Response: This can result in the growth of more than 15 follicles and may lead to OHSS (Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome), characterized by a range of laboratory findings and clinical symptoms. Patients often report an increase in abdominal circumference (bloating), nausea, discomfort in the abdominal area, and reduced appetite. Important! If such symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is required, as patients with OHSS may need treatment, including hospitalization. Women with severe forms of the condition require urgent care.
Complications Related to Egg Retrieval
Egg retrieval is performed by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. In this case, complications of IVF may include bleeding due to perforation of adjacent organs or damage to blood vessels. There is also a risk of infectious complications during oocyte retrieval.
Complications Related to Pregnancy
After IVF, a multiple pregnancy may occur. This risk is higher when transferring 2 embryos into the uterine cavity; however, modern guidelines recommend selective single embryo transfer. Typically, multiple pregnancies are registered in 10–25% of cases. In such pregnancies, medical reduction of one embryo may be recommended to ensure the normal development of the remaining one.
Ectopic pregnancy is also classified as a complication of IVF, diagnosed in 5% of cases. It is usually associated with changes in the fallopian tubes and inflammatory processes in the patient’s medical history.
We hope this information clarifies possible side effects and complications of IVF. If you have further questions, consult with ALFAMEDSTAR partners specialists. They are ready to discuss potential complications during IVF procedures and provide comprehensive consultations in a comfortable environment without long wait times.