Carcinoma
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In the 21st century, carcinoma is the second most common cause of death after heart disease. The Humanitas private clinic network provides carcinoma diagnostics and treatment services using the latest techniques and involving leading oncologists and specialists in other fields.
Several types of carcinomas can develop in human organs, each of which requires specific treatment. The formation of a tumor is influenced not only by the characteristics of a particular person's body, but also by gender. Thus, women can develop carcinoma of the cervix and breast, and men can develop prostate cancer.
There is also a large list of types of carcinoma that occur in both sexes: lung tumors, gastrointestinal tract, intestines, esophagus, etc. In any case, the main guarantee of successful treatment is timely detection and diagnosis. If the tumor is detected at an early stage, the chances of a successful treatment outcome increase several times.
Let's consider the classification of carcinomas, the symptoms of oncological diseases, diagnostic and treatment methods.
Classification and symptoms
The main classification method is based on the structural and cellular elements from which the neoplasm is formed. The most common are:
fibrous carcinoma - formed from a large volume of connective tissue;
medullary carcinoma - with a predominance of parenchyma (cancer cells);
simple carcinoma - connective and cancer cells are present in almost equal volumes;
adenocarcinoma – formed from glandular epithelium;
squamous cell carcinoma – forms in squamous epithelium.
Another type of classification is based on the organs affected by the neoplasm: carcinoma of the bladder, female genital organs, respiratory system, etc. There are also rarer types of carcinoma, when tumors develop in the vagina, on the lips, ovaries, etc.
Experts identify 4 stages of carcinoma development:
Stage 1
The tumor is small – up to 2 cm. Metastases have not yet formed, the lymph nodes are not affected.
Stage 2
The tumor reaches 3-5 cm. The first metastases appear (sometimes) in small quantities in the lymph nodes.
Stage 3
The tumor grows more than 5 cm and invades surrounding tissues. Metastases affect regional lymph nodes.
Stage 4
The tumor becomes significantly larger. Metastases form in other organs, the tumor grows into neighboring organs.
Symptoms in the early stages of the disease are rarely expressed. At this time, carcinoma is often detected by chance - during routine medical examinations and check-ups. This once again emphasizes the importance of regular medical examinations.
In later stages, when the tumor increases in size, swelling, pain, poor appetite, weight loss and general weakness appear. In addition, the function of the affected organ deteriorates, bleeding may occur.
Diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma in Humanitas
A large list of methods is used to diagnose carcinoma: palpation, endoscopy, blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, radiography, histological examination, tissue biopsy, etc. Correct diagnostics allow us to accurately determine the location of the tumor, its size and stage of the disease in order to develop an individual treatment program.
The most effective method of treating carcinoma today is surgery. During it, the tumor is removed, as well as other affected tissues. In some cases, the affected organ has to be removed completely. At the same time, regional lymph nodes are removed.
Chemotherapy is actively used to destroy tumor cells and slow down their growth. If the tumor is undifferentiated, radiation therapy is used. It can also be used immediately before surgery. Immunotherapy, chemoembolization, gene and neural therapy are used as additional treatment methods.
All treatment methods are not applied to a specific patient at once. The choice is made strictly based on the diagnosis and detailed examinations. The task of the Humanitas team of doctors is to provide a full range of services at the highest level. Today, the clinic uses the latest methods of minimally invasive diagnostics and treatment, which significantly reduce the trauma of any surgical manipulations. This also contributes to a faster and painless recovery after surgery.
The Humanitas network of private clinics is an important center for medical tourism in Italy and Europe as a whole. Thousands of patients come here every year to receive professional treatment that is not available in their home countries. And today, everyone who needs urgent treatment at a European level has the opportunity to use the services of professionals.
Several types of carcinomas can develop in human organs, each of which requires specific treatment. The formation of a tumor is influenced not only by the characteristics of a particular person's body, but also by gender. Thus, women can develop carcinoma of the cervix and breast, and men can develop prostate cancer.
There is also a large list of types of carcinoma that occur in both sexes: lung tumors, gastrointestinal tract, intestines, esophagus, etc. In any case, the main guarantee of successful treatment is timely detection and diagnosis. If the tumor is detected at an early stage, the chances of a successful treatment outcome increase several times.
Let's consider the classification of carcinomas, the symptoms of oncological diseases, diagnostic and treatment methods.
Classification and symptoms
The main classification method is based on the structural and cellular elements from which the neoplasm is formed. The most common are:
fibrous carcinoma - formed from a large volume of connective tissue;
medullary carcinoma - with a predominance of parenchyma (cancer cells);
simple carcinoma - connective and cancer cells are present in almost equal volumes;
adenocarcinoma – formed from glandular epithelium;
squamous cell carcinoma – forms in squamous epithelium.
Another type of classification is based on the organs affected by the neoplasm: carcinoma of the bladder, female genital organs, respiratory system, etc. There are also rarer types of carcinoma, when tumors develop in the vagina, on the lips, ovaries, etc.
Experts identify 4 stages of carcinoma development:
Stage 1
The tumor is small – up to 2 cm. Metastases have not yet formed, the lymph nodes are not affected.
Stage 2
The tumor reaches 3-5 cm. The first metastases appear (sometimes) in small quantities in the lymph nodes.
Stage 3
The tumor grows more than 5 cm and invades surrounding tissues. Metastases affect regional lymph nodes.
Stage 4
The tumor becomes significantly larger. Metastases form in other organs, the tumor grows into neighboring organs.
Symptoms in the early stages of the disease are rarely expressed. At this time, carcinoma is often detected by chance - during routine medical examinations and check-ups. This once again emphasizes the importance of regular medical examinations.
In later stages, when the tumor increases in size, swelling, pain, poor appetite, weight loss and general weakness appear. In addition, the function of the affected organ deteriorates, bleeding may occur.
Diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma in Humanitas
A large list of methods is used to diagnose carcinoma: palpation, endoscopy, blood tests, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, radiography, histological examination, tissue biopsy, etc. Correct diagnostics allow us to accurately determine the location of the tumor, its size and stage of the disease in order to develop an individual treatment program.
The most effective method of treating carcinoma today is surgery. During it, the tumor is removed, as well as other affected tissues. In some cases, the affected organ has to be removed completely. At the same time, regional lymph nodes are removed.
Chemotherapy is actively used to destroy tumor cells and slow down their growth. If the tumor is undifferentiated, radiation therapy is used. It can also be used immediately before surgery. Immunotherapy, chemoembolization, gene and neural therapy are used as additional treatment methods.
All treatment methods are not applied to a specific patient at once. The choice is made strictly based on the diagnosis and detailed examinations. The task of the Humanitas team of doctors is to provide a full range of services at the highest level. Today, the clinic uses the latest methods of minimally invasive diagnostics and treatment, which significantly reduce the trauma of any surgical manipulations. This also contributes to a faster and painless recovery after surgery.
The Humanitas network of private clinics is an important center for medical tourism in Italy and Europe as a whole. Thousands of patients come here every year to receive professional treatment that is not available in their home countries. And today, everyone who needs urgent treatment at a European level has the opportunity to use the services of professionals.